leadership, chairmanship

, (S, M, K,) aor. , (K, TA, [in a copy of the M ,]) inf. n. رَأْسٌ, (M, TA,) He (a man, S) hit, or hurt, his head. (S, M, K.) ― -b2- رَأَسْتُهُ بِالعَصَى I struck his head with the staff, or stick. (A.) ― -b3- رَأَسَهُ البِرْسَامُ The disease called برسام affected, or overcame, (أَخَذَ,) his head. (A.) [And hence,] رُيأِسَ, (M, A,) inf. n. رَأْسٌ, (M,) His (a man's) head was, or became, affected, or overcome, by the disease called برسام, or otherwise: (A:) or he had a complaint of his head. (M, TA.) -A2- رَأَسَ القَوْمَ, (S, M, A,) and رَأَسَ عَلَيْهِمْ, (M,) aor. , (S, M,) inf. n. رِيأَاسَةٌ, (S, M, A,) (tropical:) He was, or became, head, chief, commander, governor, ruler, lord, master, prince, or king, of, or over, the people; he headed them; (M, A; *) he was, or became, their superior, (M.) [See also 5.] ― -b2- Also رَأَسَ, alone, aor. , inf. n. رِيأَاسَةٌ, (tropical:) He was, or became, high in rank or condition. (Msb.) ― -b3- And, with the same aor. and inf. n., (tropical:) He strove for رِيأَاسَة [or headship, or command,] (زَاحَمَ عَلَيْهَا,) and desired it. (IAar, TA.)

The [lizard called] ضبّ turned his head towards the viper, or met the viper head-foremast, in coming forth from his hole: for the viper comes to the hole of the ضبّ, and hunts after it, and sometimes the latter comes forth with its head towards the former, and is said to be مَرَيأِّس: and sometimes a man hunts after the ضبّ, and puts a stick into the mouth of its hole, and it imagines it to be a viper, and comes forth head-foremost or tail-foremost, i. e., مُرَيأِّسًا أَوْ مُذَنِّبًا. (TA.) -A2- [The verb is also used intransitively, as meaning It (a ضَبّ) put its head foremost in coming forth from its hole: contr. of ذَنَّبَ.] -A3- رَأَّسْتُهُ, inf. n. تَرْيأِيسٌ, (tropical:) I made, or appointed, him رَيأِيس [i. e. head, chief, commander, governor, ruler, lord, master, prince, or king], (S, K,) عَلَى القَوْمِ over the people. (S, TA.) And رَأَّسُوهُ عَلَىأَنْفُسِهِمْ, (M, A,) seen by Az, in the book of Lth, written رَوَّسُوهُ, but the former is the regular form, (TA,) (tropical:) They made him head, chief, commander, &c., over themselves. (M, A.)

(tropical:) He became made, or appointed, head, chief, commander, governor, ruler, lord, master, prince, or king, over the people; (S, M, A;) as also عَلَيْهِمْ ↓ ارتأس: (S:) or both signify [like رَأَسَ على القوم,] he was, or became, رَيأِيس [i. e. head, chief, &c.] (K, TA) over the people. (TA.)

He, or it, became mounted, or fixed, upon the head of the thing. (M, TA. *) In the saying, يَرْتَاسُ السِّنَانَ فَيُقْتَلُ [He becomes fixed upon the point of the spear-head, and is slain], in a verse cited by Th, يَرْتَاسُ is for يَرْتَيأِسُ. (M.) -A2- See also 5. -A3- ارتأس زَيْدًا He took Zeyd by the neck, and lowered it to, or towards, the ground. (K, from the “ Nawádir el-Aaráb. ”) ― -b2- Hence, (assumed tropical:) He occupied Zeyd so as to divert his attention: (K, from the same:) and اِكْتَاسَهُ and اِرْتَكَسَهُ and اِعْتَكَسَهُ also signify the same [app. in the former sense, or perhaps in both senses.] (TA, from the same.)

, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) generally with ء, except in the dial. of Benoo-Temeem, who constantly suppress the ء, (Msb,) [The head of a man and of any animal;] a certain part of an animal, (Msb,) well known: (Msb, K:) masc., (Msb, TA,) by common consent: (TA:) and (K) the highest or uppermost part, or top, or summit, (M, A, K,) of a thing, (M,) or of anything; (A, K;) as, for instance, of a mountain, &c.; (the Lexicons, passim;) and the upper, or uppermost, part of a valley: (TA: see رَايأِسٌ:) pl. (of pauc., S, TA) أَرْوأُسٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) and, by transposition, آرُسٌ, (M, TA, * [originally أَأْرُسٌ, in the L, erroneously, أٓاراس,]) and (of mult., S, TA) رُوأُوسُ, (S, M, Msb, K, [by some carelessly written رُوأُسٌ, and by some, allowably, رُوأُٓسٌ,]) which is not transposed, and رُوْسٌ, which is elliptical. (M, TA.) A poet uses the pl. for the dual, saying, " رُوأُوسُ كَبِيرَيْهِنَّ يَنْتَطِحَانِ " [The heads of the two great ones, or old ones, of them, smite each other with their horns]. (M.) ― -b2- أُمُّ الرَّأْسِ: see أُمٌّ. ― -b3- يَوْمُ الرُّوأُوسِ [The day of the heads] is applied by the people of Mekkeh to the day called يَوْمُ القَرِّ, because then they eat the heads of the animals sacrificed. (A, TA.) ― -b4- أَصَابَ رَأْسَهُ (tropical:) He kissed his head: a metonymical phrase. (TA.) ― -b5- رُمِىَ فُلَانٌ مِنْهُ فِى الرَّأْسِ [lit., Such a one was shot by him in the head; meaning,] (assumed tropical:) he turned away from him, and did not look towards him nor pay any regard or attention to him, and deemed him troublesome. (S, TA.) You say also, رُمِيتُ مِنْكَ فِى الرَّأْسِ, meaning, (assumed tropical:) Thou hast an evil opinion of me (S, K) so that thou canst not look towards me. (S.) ― -b6- رَكِبَ رَأْسَهُ: see art. ركب. ― -b7- وَلَدَتْ وَلَدَهَا عَلَى رَأْسٍ وَاحِدٍ (assumed tropical:) She brought forth her children one after, or near after, another. (IAar, M.) In like manner you say, وُلِدَ لَهُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَوْلَادٍ رَأْسًا عَلَى إِثْرِ رَأْسٍ, (M,) or رَأْسًا عَلَى رَأْسٍ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He had three children born to him one after, or near after, another. (M, TA.) And اِجْعَلْ هٰذَا الشَّىْءَ رَأْسًا وَاحِدًا (assumed tropical:) Make thou this thing to be [uniform, or] of one way, or mode, or manner. (ISK, TA in art. بأج.) ― -b8- عِنْدِى رَأْسُ مِنَ الغَنَمِ (tropical:) [I have one head of sheep or goats]: and عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَرْوأُسٍ (tropical:) [a number of head thereof]. (A, TA.) It is said in a trad. of' Omar, وَٱجْعَلُوا الرَّأْسَ رَأْسَيْنِ (tropical:) And make ye the one head two head, by buying two animals with the price of one, that, when one dies, the second may remain. (Mgh in art. فرق.) And you say, فُلَانٌ يَرْتَبِطُ كَذَا رَأْسًا مِنَ الدَّوَابِّ [Such a one ties so many head of beasts]. (S in art. ربط.) ― -b9- أَعْطِنِى رَأْسًا مِنْ ثُومٍ وَ سِنًّا مِنْهُ (tropical:) [Give thou to me a head of garlic, and a clove thereof]: and كَمْ فِى رَأْسِكَ مِنْ سِنِّ (tropical:) [How many cloves are there in thy head of garlic?]. (A, TA.) ― -b10- رَأْسٌ also signifies The extremity of a thing: or, as some say, the end, or last, thereof. (MF. TA.) ― -b11- [A head, head-land, cape, or promontory.] ― -b12- The hilt of a sword; (A;) and so ↓ رِيأَاسٌ; (S, M, K; [in a copy of the A رِيَاسَةٌ;]) or this signifies its pommel, (Sgh, K,) more correctly; (Sgh;) and is also written رِيَاسٌ, but whether for رِيأَاسٌ or originally with ى is doubtful. (M.) [From the first of the above-mentioned significations arise several others, which are tropical. ― -b13- Hence, الرَّأْسُ وَالذَّنَبُ (assumed tropical:) The two nodes of a planet: see تِنِّينٌ. ― -b14- Hence likewise,] رَأْسٌ is also (tropical:) syn. with رَيأِيسٌ, q. v. infrà. (M, K.) You say, مَا أُرِيدُهُ رَأْسًا (tropical:) [I do not desire him as a ريأيس, i. e. head, chief, &c.]. (A.) And it is said in a trad., رَأْسُ الكُفْرِ مِنْ قِبَلِ المَشْرِقِ (tropical:) [The head, or leader, of infidelity is from the direction of the place of sunrise]: indicating that Ed-Dejjál or some other of the heads of error will come forth in the east. (TA.) ― -b15- رَأْسُ المَالِ (tropical:) The capital, or principal, of property. (Msb, K.) [Hence the saying,] أَقْرَضَتْنِى عَشَرَةً بِرَوأُوسِهَا (tropical:) She lent me ten [pieces of money] as a loan whereof the principal was to be repaid without interest. (Mgh, TA. *) ― -b16- القَافِيَةُ الرأْسُ البَيْتِ (assumed tropical:) [The rhyme is the principal, or most essential, part of the verse]: said by one of the tribe of' Okeyl, to IJ. (M.) ― -b17- رَأْسُ الدِّينِ الخَشْيَةُ (tropical:) [The principal part, or the beginning, of religion is fear of God]. (A, TA.) ― -b18- رَأْسُ الشَّهْرِ (assumed tropical:) The beginning of the month. (Msb.) [And in like manner, رَأْسُ السَّنَةِ (assumed tropical:) The beginning, or first day, of the year.] ― -b19- رَأْسُ الأَمْرِ, (K, TA,) or ↓ رِيأَاس, (so in the CK,) [both correct, as will be seen from what follows,] (tropical:) The beginning of the affair; the first thereof. (K, TA.) ― -b20- أَعِدْ عَلَىَّ كَلَامَكَ مِنْ رَأْسٍ, (S, M,) and مِنَ الرَّأْسِ, but this is less common, (M,) or is a vulgar phrase, not allowable, (S,) (tropical:) [Repeat thou to me thy speech from the beginning:] said by a person to one talking to him. (TA.) One also says to a person talking to him, خُذْهُ مِنْ رَأْسٍ (tropical:) [Take thou it from the beginning]. (A.) ― -b21- أَنْتَ عَلَىرَأْسِ أَمْرِكَ, and ↓ على رِيأَاسِهِ (assumed tropical:) Thou art on the point of accomplishing thine affair: (M, TA:) or أَنْتَ عَلَى أَمْرِكَ ↓ رِيأَاسِ signifies (assumed tropical:) thou art at the beginning of thine affair; and the vulgar say, عَلَى رَأْسِ أَمْرِكَ (S, TA.) ― -b22- أَضْرَعَتْ عَلَى رَأْسِ الوَلَدِ: see art. ضرع. ― -b23- كَانَ ذٰلِكَ عَلَى رَأْسِ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) That was in the time of such a one; in his life-time: like the phrase عَلَى رِجْلِ فُلَانٍ. (TA in art. رجل.) ― -b24- رَأْسٌ also signifies (tropical:) A numerous and strong company of people. (As, S, M, K.) You say, هُمْ رَأْسٌ (tropical:) They are a numerous and strong company of people. (S.) And هُمْ رَأْسٌ عَظِيمٌ (tropical:) They are an army by themselves, not needing any aid. (A, TA.) 'Amr Ibn-Kulthoom says, (S,) " بِرَأْسٍ مِنْ بَنِى جُشَمِ بْنِ بِكْرٍ نَدُقُّ بِهِ السُّهُولَةَ وَالحُزُونَا " [as though meaning, With a numerous and strong company of Benoo-Jusham-Ibn-Bekr, with which we beat the plains and the rugged tracts]: (S, M:) but [J says,] I think that he means رَيأِيس, [i. e. head, chief, &c.,] because he says ندقّ بِهِ, not بِهِمْ (S.)

: see أَرْأَسُ.

: see رَأْسٌ, in the middle of the paragraph: and again, in three places, in the latter part thereof.

: see رَايأِسٌ. ― -b2- Also A camel having no fatness (طِرْق) remaining except in the head; (S, K;) and so ↓ مُرَايأِسٌ, (S, TA,) incorrectly said in the K to be ↓ مُرَأَّسٌ, like مُعَظَّمٌ; (TA;) mentioned by A' Obeyd, from Fr.; (S;) so too ↓ مِرْآسٌ. (K.)

Hit, or hurt, in the head; as also ↓ مَرْوأُوسٌ. (S.) Hence, شَاةٌ رَيأِيسٌ A sheep or goat, or a ewe or she-goat, hit, or hurt, in her head: pl. رَآسَى: (S, M, K:) you say غَنَمٌ رَآسَى. (S, K.) ― -b2- Having his head broken, its skin being cleft. (TA.) ― -b3- Having his head affected, or overcome, by the disease called بِرْسَام; as also ↓ مَرْوأُوسٌ: (A:) or ↓ the latter, a man afflicted with that disease: (M, TA:*) and ↓ the same, also, a man having a complaint of his head. (TA.) -A2- (tropical:) The head, or headman, chief, commander, governor, ruler, lord, master, prince, or king, of a people; a person of authority; (S, M, A, * K;) as also ↓ رَيِّسٌ (S, K) and ↓ رَأْسٌ [q. v.]; (M, A, K;) and [in like manner] ↓ رَايأِسٌ, syn. of this last, وَالٍ: (K:) or رَيأِيسٌ signifies, [or rather signifies also,] a person high in rank or condition: (Msb:) its pl. is رُوأَسَآهُ, (M, Msb,) pronounced by the vulgar رُوَسَآء: (TA:) in El-Yemen, ↓رَيِّسٌ is applied to one who shaves the head. (TA in art. ريس.) ― -b2- رَيأِيسُ الكِلَابِ (S, M, A,) and ↓ رَايأِسُهَا, (M, TA,) (tropical:) [The chief, or leader, of the dogs;] the dog that is' among the other dogs, as the رَيأِيس among a people: (S:) the chief of the dogs, that is not preceded by them in the chase. (M, TA.) ― -b3- الأَعْضَآءُ الرَّيأِيسَةُ (tropical:) [The capital parts of an animal] are, with physicians, four; (Mgh, TA;) namely, the heart, the brain, the liver, and the testicles: (Mgh, K, TA:) the first three, because without every one of them the person cannot exist; and the last, because privation thereof is a privation of نَوْع [properly species]: the assertion that they are the nose, and the tongue, and the penis, is erroneous. (Mgh, TA.)

: see أَرْأَسُ.

: see مِرْأَسٌ.

A seller of heads: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) رَوَّاسٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) or رَوَّاسِىٌّ, (K, TA,) with و and with the relative ى, (TA,) is vulgar, (S,) or incorrect, (Mgh, K,) or post-classical. (Msb.)