make renounce, make abstain

, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) and عَنْهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) aor. ; (S, K;) [the most usual form of the verb;] and زَهَدَ, aor. ; (S, Msb, K;) which is the most approved form, though MF says otherwise; (TA;) and زَهُدَ, aor. ; (Th, K;) inf. n. زُهْدٌ and زَهَادَةٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and زَهْدٌ; (Sb, TA;) He abstained from it; [meaning, from something that would gratify the passions or senses;] relinquished it; forsook it; shunned, or avoided, it; did not desire it; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) contr. of رَغِبَ [i. e. of رَغِبَ فِيهِ], (S, K,) and i. q. رَغِبَ عَنْهُ, (A, Mgh,) and لَمْ يُرِدْهُ, (Mgh,) and تَرَكَهُ and أَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ: (Msb:) or he abstained from it, meaning a thing of the lawfulness of which he was sure, so far as to take the least that was sufficient thereof, leaving the rest to God: (MF:) or زَهَادَةٌ relates only to worldly things; and زُهْدٌ, to matters of religion: (Kh, Msb, K:) or both signify the exercising oneself in the service of God, or in acts of devotion; as also ↓ تَزَهُّدٌ: (KL:) he who makes a difference between زَهِدَ فِيهِ and زَهِدَ عَنْهُ errs. (Mgh.) ― -b2- زَهَادَةٌ and زُهْدٌ also signify [particularly The being abstinent in respect of eating;] the eating little. (A, TA.) ― -b3- And زَهَدَ and ↓ ازهد He straitened his household, by reason of niggardliness or poverty. (TA in art. زنق.) -A2- زَهَدَهُ, aor. , (K,) inf. n. زَهْدٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He computed, or determined, its quantity, measure, size, bulk, proportion, extent, amount, sum, or number; or he computed by conjecture its quantity or measure &c., or the quantity of its fruit; as also ↓ ازهدهُ, (K, TA,) inf. n. إِزْهَادٌ; and ↓ زهّدهُ, inf. n. تَزْهِيدٌ: all used in relation to palm-trees. (TA.) You say, زَهَدْتُ النَّخْلُ, aor. and inf. n. as above, (tropical:) I computed by conjecture the quantity of the fruit upon the palm-trees. (Esh-Sheybánee, S, TA.) And زَهَدْتُ المَالَ (assumed tropical:) I computed by conjecture the quantity, or amount, of the property; or the number of the camels or cattle. (JK.)

[and عَنْهُ] He made him, or caused him, to abstain from it; to relinquish it; to forsake it; to shun, or avoid, it; or to be not desirous of it; (L, Msb;) i. q. زَغَّبَهُ عَنْهُ; (L;) trans. of زَهِدَ فِيهِ: (Msb:) [i. e.] التَّزْهِيدُ فِى الشَّىْءِ and عَنْهُ is the contr. of التَّرْغِيبُ فِيهِ. (S, K. *) ― -b2- And التَّزْهِيدُ is also (tropical:) syn. with التَّبْخِيلُ. (K, TA. [In the CK, erroneously, التَّبْخِيلُ.]) One says, النَّاسُ يُزَهِّدُونَهُ and يُبَخِّلُونَهُ (tropical:) [Men, or the people, impute to him, or accuse him of, niggardliness, or stinginess]. (A, TA.) And 'Adee. Ibn-Zeyd says, " وَ لَلْبَخْلَةُ الأُولَى لِمَنْ كَانَ بَاخِلًا أَعَقُّ وَمَنْ يَبْخَلْ يُلَمْ وَ يُزْهَّدِ " i. e. (assumed tropical:) [And verily the first single act of niggardliness, of him who is acting in a niggardly manner, is most undutious to parents; (app. because generosity is what they enjoin above all things;) and he who is niggardly is blamed, and] is charged with being a niggard, a low or mean or sordid man. (TA.) ― -b3- See also 1.

, (JK, L,) inf. n. إِزْهَادٌ, (JK, S, L,) He was, or became, one whose property was not desired, because of its littleness; (JK, L;) he possessed little property, (S * L,) which, because of its littleness, was not desired. (L.) ― -b2- See also 1. -A2- ازهدهُ: see 1, near the end.

He manifested, or made a show of, زُهْد [or abstinence, &c., generally meaning exercise in the service of God, or devotion]: (KL:) [and] he devoted himself to the service of God, or to religious exercises; or applied himself to acts of devotion. (S, Msb.) See also 1.

(assumed tropical:) They contemned, or despised, him, or it. (K.) It is said in a trad., of wine-drinkers, تزاهدوا الحَدَّ, i. e. they contemned the حَدّ [or prescribed castigation]; held it in little, or mean, estimation; regarded it as a small thing. (TA.) [See also what next follows.]

(assumed tropical:) He reckoned it little. (K.) You say, فُلَانٌ يَزْدَهِدُ عَطَآءَ فُلَانٍ (assumed tropical:) Such a one reckons little the gift of such a one. (ISk, S.) [See also what next precedes.]

(tropical:) A small quantity. (A.) You say, خُذْ زَهْدَ مَا يَكْفِيكَ (JK, S, K) (tropical:) Take thou the small quantity that is sufficient for thee: (A:) or as much as is sufficient for thee. (JK, S.)

(tropical:) The poor-rate; syn. زَكَاةٌ: (A, K:) mentioned by Aboo-Sa'eed, on the authority of Mubtekir El-Bedawee: so called, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed, because of its littleness; the زكاة of property being the least portion of it; or, accord. to the A, because the fortieth part [which is its general proportion] is little. (TA.) So in the saying, مَا لَكَ تَمْنَعُ الزَّهَدَ (tropical:) [What aileth thee that thou refusest the poor-rate?]. (A, TA.)

(assumed tropical:) Land that does not flow with water except in consequence of much rain: (S:) or land that flows with water in consequence of the least rain; (ISk, JK, and TA in art. حشد;) as also حَشَادٌ; (ISk, TA in art. حشد;) [contr. of أَرْضٌ رَغَابٌ: see also زَهِيدٌ.] And زَهَادُ التِّلَاعِ (assumed tropical:) The small water-courses. (L.)

Who eats little; (T, K;) applied to a man; (T;) [and] so زَهِيدُ الأَكْلِ; (S;) or زَهِيدُ الطَّعْمِ: (A:) and so زَهِيدٌ or زَهِيدَةٌ, (as in different places in the T,) applied to a woman: contr. of [رَغِيبٌ and] رَغِيبَةٌ. (T.) You say, فُلَانٌ زَهِيدٌ ↓ زَاهِدٌ, i. e. [Such a one is abstinent, &c., and] a small eater. (A.) ― -b2- (assumed tropical:) Small in quantity or number: (S, Msb, K:) so applied to a gift. (S.) ― -b3- (assumed tropical:) Contemptible, despicable, mean, or paltry. (TA.) ― -b4- (tropical:) A man who possesses, or does, little, or no, good. (A, TA.) ― -b5- (assumed tropical:) A man (Lh, TA) narrow, or niggardly, in disposition; (Lh, K, TA;) as also ↓ زَاهِدٌ; (K;) fem. of the former with ة: (Lh, TA:) a low, ignoble, ungenerous, mean, or sordid, man; such that one does not desire what he possesses; as also ↓ زَاهِدٌ. (L.) ― -b6- هُوَ زَهِيدُ العَيْنِ, and لَهُ عَيْنٌ زَهِيدَةٌ, (tropical:) He is content with little; contr. of هُوَ رَغِيبُ العَيْنِ and لَهُ عَيْنٌ رَغِيبَةٌ. (A, TA.) ― -b7- وَادٍ زَهِيدٌ (assumed tropical:) A narrow valley: (JK, K:) or a valley that takes, or receives, little water; (ISh, S, TA;) that is made to flow by a slight quantity of water, even as much as a she-goat voids into it, because it is even and hard: (ISh, TA:) contr. of وَادٍ رَغِيبٌ. (TA in art. رغب.) [See also زَهَادٌ.] And زَهِيدُ الأَرْضِ (assumed tropical:) What is narrow, of land; and that from which much water does not come forth: pl. زُهْدَانٌ. (L.)

: see the next paragraph.

act. part. n. of زَهِدَ [i. e. Abstaining, or abstinent; relinquishing; forsaking; shunning, or avoiding; not desiring or desirous: and particularly abstaining from, or shunning, or retiring from, worldly pleasures; exercising himself in the service of God, or in acts of devotion; a devotee]: and ↓ زِهِّيدٌ has a similar, but intensive, meaning [i. e. abstaining much, or very abstinent; &c.]: pl. of the former زُهَّادٌ. (Msb, TA.) See also زَهِيدٌ, in three places.