thickness, density

, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ; (K;) and ثَخَنَ, (El-Ahmar, ISd, Msb, TA,) aor. ; (TA;) inf. n. ثَخَانَةٌ (T, S, Msb, K, &c.) and ثُخُونَةٌ (ISd, Msb, K) and ثِخَنٌ (Z, Msb, K) and ثُخْنٌ; (TA;) It (a thing, S, Msb) was, or became, thick, big, gross, or coarse; and hard, firm, stiff, tough, or strong: (S, K:) it was, or became, thick, dense, or compact: (M, TA:) [it (a garment, or piece of cloth,) was thick, or close, in texture: (see ثَخِينٌ:)] it [a semiliquid of any kind] was, or became, thick, so that it did not flow, nor continue in its passing away. (Er-Rághib, TA.)

[in its primary sense, He, or it, rendered it ثَخِين, i. e. thick, &c. ― -b2- And hence,] (tropical:) He, or it, (a man, JK, T, Mgh, Msb, and a wound, S, Mgh, and disease, Bd in viii. 68,) rendered him heavy: (JK, T, Bd ubi suprà, TA:) or weakened him, rendered him languid, or enervated him. (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA.) You say, اثخنهُ ضَرْبًا (assumed tropical:) He rendered him heavy by beating: (JK:) or he beat him much, or vehemently, or excessively. (TA.) And أَثْخَنْتُهُ بِالجِراحَةِ (assumed tropical:) I weakened him, rendered him languid, or enervated him, by the wound, or wounds. (Msb.) ― -b3- إِذَا أَثْخَنْتُمُوهُمْ, in the Kur xlvii. 4, means (assumed tropical:) When ye have made much slaughter among them: (Jel:) or when ye have made a great and vehement slaughter of them: (Bd:) or when ye have overcome them, and wounded them much, or inflicted many wounds upon them, (Abu-l-'Abbás, K, TA,) so that they give with their hands. (Abu-l-'Abbás, TA.) ― -b4- اثخن فِى العَدُوِّ (tropical:) He made a great, or vehement, slaughter, (A,) or a great, or vehement, wounding, (K,) among the enemy. (A, K.) ― -b5- اثخن فِى الأَرْضِ, (assumed tropical:) He made much slaughter in the earth, or land: (Bd in viii. 68, Mgh, TA: in the S, اثخن فِى الأَرْضِ قَتْلًا, which means the same: TA:) or he went against the enemy, and made a wide, or large, slaughter of them [in the land]: (Msb:) or he fought vehemently in the earth, or land. (Jel in viii. 68.) ― -b6- اثخن فِى الأَمْرِ (assumed tropical:) He exceeded the usual, or the just, bounds, or degree, in the affair; strove, or exerted himself, vigorously, or strenuously, therein; or did his utmost therein. (TA.) ― -b7- اثخنهُ قُوْلُهُ (assumed tropical:) His saying took, or had, an effect upon him; or distressed, or afflicted, him. (TA.) ― -b8- أَثْخَنْتُ فُلَانًا مَعْرِفَةً (tropical:) I knew such a one, or was acquainted with him, thoroughly, or very well. (TA.)

, in the saying of El-Asshà, " تَمَهَّلَ فِى الحَرْبِ حَتَّى ٱثَّخَنَ " [He acted deliberately in war until he became heavy, or weakened, or languid, or enervated, by wounds], is contracted by idghám from اثْتَخَنَ. (S, TA.)

(tropical:) Sleep overcame him. (JK, K, TA.) استثخن بَيْنَ المَرَضِ وَالإِعْيَآءِ (tropical:) He became overcome by [lit. between] disease and fatigue. (A, TA.)

an inf. n. of ثَخُنَ: [commonly used as a simple subst., meaning Thickness, &c.:] one says ثُوْبٌ لَهُ ثُخْنٌ [A garment, or piece of cloth, having thickness, or closeness, of texture]. (TA.)

i. q. نقلة [app. a mistranscription for ثَقْلَةٌ or ثَقَلَةٌ, meaning (assumed tropical:) A heaviness in the chest or body, or a heaviness and langour, or a heaviness on the heart]; as also ↓ ثَخَنَةٌ: El-'Ajjáj says, " حَتَّى يَعِجَّ ثَخَنًا مَنْ عَجْعَجَا " [app. meaning So that he who cries out cries out by reason of heaviness, &c.]: (TA: [this saying is also cited in the S, in art. عج; but there, in one copy, I find ثَخِنًا; and in another, ثِخَنًا; and in both, مِنْ instead of مَنْ:]) and hence he received the surname of العَجَّاج: (S and TA in art. عج:) so says IDrd. (TA in that art.) [Golius explains ثَخَنٌ as meaning “ crassities, spissitudo; ” on the anthority of Ibn-Maaroof and Ibn-Beytár; but I suspect that he found ثَخَنٌ in their works written for ثُخْنٌ or ثِخَنٌ, both inf. ns. of ثَخُنَ.]

: see ثَخُنٌ.

part. n. of ثَخُنَ; (S, Msb;) Thick, big, coarse, or gross; and hard, firm, stiff, tough, or strong: (S:) [thick, dense, or compact: &c.: see 1: pl. ثِخَانٌ.] You say ثَوْبٌ ثَخِينٌ A garment, or piece of cloth, thick, or close, or full, in texture, and, as Az adds, in warp. (TA.) ― -b2- Applied to a man, Completely armed: (KL:) or ثَخِينُ السِّلَاحِ has this meaning. (S.) ― -b3- Also (JK, TA) (tropical:) Forbearing, clement, grave, sedate, or calm: (JK, K, * TA: [in some copies of the K, الحَكِيمُ is erroneously put for الحَلِيمُ:]) in the M, heavy in his sitting-place. (TA.)

[pass. part. n. of 4, q. v.]. You say, تَرَكْتُهُ مُثْخَنًا وَقِيذًا [I left him weakened, languid, enervated, or much wounded; beaten until he was at the point of death]. (TA.) ― -b2- (assumed tropical:) Forbearing, clement, grave, sedate, or calm, in mind, or intellect. (TA.) [See also ثَخِينٌ.] ― -b3- Metonymically applied by the people of Syria to (tropical:) One who causes laughter; who is quick, brisk, or lively, in his motions. (TA.)

(assumed tropical:) One who exceeds the usual, or the just, bounds, or who does his utmost, in narration, and in the rehearsal of sayings. (TA.) ― -b2- And, with ة, (tropical:) A large, corpulent, fleshy, woman. (JK, A, K.)