ba' (Arabic letter)

, also written جَوْزُ بَوَّى: see art. جوز. -A2- خَيْرُ بَوَّآءُ: see art. خير.

, (M, Mgh, * Msb, * K,) aor. يَبُوْءُ, (M, Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. بَوْءٌ, (M, Mgh,) He returned, went back, or came back, (M, Mgh, Msb, K,) to it, (M, K, *) namely, a thing: (M:) or he withdrew [from a person or persons, or a place,] to it, or him; or, perhaps, he made himself solely and peculiarly a companion, or an associate, to him, or it; syn. اِنْقَطَعَ [q. v.]: (K:) but in some copies of the K, the latter explanation is connected with the former by وَ [and] instead of أَو. (TA.) وَبَاوأُوا بِغَضَبٍ مِنَ ٱللّٰهِ [in the Kur ii. 58 and iii. 108] means And they returned with anger from God; (Akh, S, Bd in ii. 58, and Jel in the same and in iii. 108;) i. e. the anger of God came upon them: (Akh, S:) or they returned deserving anger from God: (Bd in iii. 108:) or they became deserving of anger from God: from بَآءَ فُلَانٌ بِفُلَانٍ such a one was deserving of being, or fit to be, slain in retaliation for such a one, (Ksh and Bd in ii. 58,) because his equal: (Ksh ibid.:) the primary signification of بَوْءٌ being [said to be] that of equalling, or being equal with. (Bd in ii. 58.) [See a similar phrase, also from the Kur, below.] ― -b2- بُوأْتُ بِهِ إِلَيْهِ [I returned with it to him: and hence,] I returned it, took it back, or brought it back, to him; (M, K;) as also ↓ أَبَأْتُهُ, (Th, M, K,) and بُوأْتُهُ, (Ks, M, K,) but this last is rare. (M.) ― -b3- بَآءَ بِإِثْمِهِ, aor. and inf. n. as above, (T, S,) signifies, accord. to Akh, He returned [laden] with his sin: (S:) or, accord. to As, he acknowledged it, or confessed it: (T:) or, accord. to others, (TA,) بَآءَ بِذَنْبِهِ, (T, * M, Msb, K,) aor. as above, inf. n. بَوْءٌ and بَوَآءٌ, (M, K,) he bore, or took upon himself, the burden of his sin, or crime, or offence; syn. اِحْتَمَلَهُ; (Aboo-Is-hák, T, M, K, TA;) and became [as though he were] the abiding-place thereof: (TA:) or he became burdened, or laden, with it: (Msb:) or he became, or made himself, answerable, responsible, or accountable, for it, by an inseparable obligation; syn. اِلْتَزَمَ بِهِ; for the primary signification of بَوَآءٌ is [asserted to be] لُزُومٌ [i. e. adhesion, &c.]; and it is afterwards used in every case [so as to imply a meaning of this kind] according to the exigency of that case; as is said in the Nh, and expressly stated by Z and Er-Rághib: (TA:) or he acknowledged it, or confessed it. (M, K.) إِنِّى أُرِيدُ أَنْ تَبُوْءَ بِإِثْمِى وَ إِثْمِكَ, in the Kur v. 35, means Verily I desire that thou return [laden] with the sin committed against me in slaying me, and thy sin which thou hast committed previously: (Jel:) or I desire that thou shouldst bear (تَحْمِلَ) my sin if I were to extend my hand towards thee, and thy sin in extending thy hand towards me: or the sin committed against me in slaying me, and thy sin for which thine offering was not accepted: and each noun is in the place of a denotative of state; i. e., [it means] that thou return involved in the two sins; bearing them: and perhaps the speaker may have meant, if that must inevitably take place, I desire that it may be thine act, not mine; so that the real meaning is, that it should not be his, not that it should be his brother's: or by the إِثْمٌ may be meant the punishment thereof; for the desire of the punishment of the disobedient is allowable: (Bd:) accord. to Th, the meaning is, if thou have determined upon slaying me, the sin will be in thee, not in me. (M.) فَبَاوأُوا بِغَضَبٍ عَلَى غَضَبٍ [in the Kur ii. 84] is explained by Aboo-Is-hák as meaning So they bore the burden of anger upon anger; syn. اِحْتَمَلُوا; this being said by him to be the proper signification of the verb: or, as some say, the meaning is, [they bore the burden of] sin for which they deserved the fire [of Hell] following upon sin for which they deserved the same: or they returned [laden with anger upon anger]: (T:) or they became deserving of anger upon anger. (Ksh.) [See a similar phrase, also from the Kur, above.] It is said in a form of prayer, أَبُوْءُ إِلَيْكَ بِنِعْمَتِكَ, meaning I acknowledge, or confess, to Thee thy favour [towards me, as imposing an obligation upon me]. (Mgh.) You say also, بَآءٌ بِحَقِّهِ; (S;) and بِدِّمِهِ; (M, K;) He acknowledged, or confessed, [himself to be answerable, responsible, or accountable, for] his right, due, or just claim; (S;) and so [for] his blood: (M, K:) the verb expresses acknowledgment, or confession, always of something for which its agent is, as it were, indebted, or answerable; not the contrary. (S.) ― -b4- بَآءَ بِكَفِّى, in a poem of Sakhr-el-Gheí, means It [referring to a sword] became in my hand; my hand became to it a مَبَآءَة, i. e. مَأْوًى [or place of abode]; it returned, and became in my hand: or, accord. to Ibn- Habeeb, i. q. اِسْتَقَلَّ [app. a mistranscription for اِسْتَقَرَّ it rested, or remained; the verb بآء in this phrase being from بَوَآءٌ signifying لُزُومٌ, explained above]. (Skr p. 16.) -A2- بَآءٌ also signifies It (a thing, TA) suited, matched, tallied, corresponded, or agreed. (K.) [Hence,] بَآءَ فُلَانٌ بِفُلَانٍ (inf. n. بَوَآءٌ, TA) Such a one was the like, or equal, of such a one, to be slain [in retaliation] for him: (T:) or became his like, or equal, so that he was slain [in retaliation] for him: (Mgh:) and was slain for him, (AZ, T, S,) and his blood became a compensation for the blood of the other: (T:) or was deserving of being, or fit to be, slain in retaliation for him, (Ksh and Bd in ii. 58,) because his equal: (Ksh ibid.:) or was slain for him, and so became equal with him; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ أَبَآءَهُ, and ↓ بَاوَأَهُ. (M, K.) One says, بُوأْبِهِ, i. e. Be thou of such as are slain [in retaliation] for him. (S.) And it is said in a prov., بَآءَتْ عَرَارِ بِكَحْلٍ 'Arári became slain for Kahl: these were two cows, which smote each other with their horns, and both died: the proverb is applied to any two that become equal. (S in this art.; and the same and K in art. عر. [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 151.]) ― -b2- بَآءَ دَمَهُ بِدَمِهِ, (T, * M, K,) inf. n. بَوْءٌ and بَوَآءٌ, (M,) He made his blood equal with [or an equivalent for] his [i. e. another's] blood [by shedding the former in retaliation]. (M, K.) And بَآءَهُ, [or بَآءَهُ بِهِ,] (M,) or به ↓ أَبَآءَهُ, (T, S,) and به ↓ اِسْتِبَآءَهُ, (S,) He slew him [in retaliation] for him; (T, S, M;) i. e., the slayer for the slain. (S.) فُلَانًا بِفُلَانٍ ↓ أَبَآءَ [He slew such a one in retaliation for such a one] is said when the Sultán has retaliated for a man upon another man: and ↓ أَبَآءَهُ, inf. n. إِبَآءَةٌ, signifies he (the Sultán, or another,) slew him in retaliation. (T.) -A3- بَآءَ signifies also He exalted himself, or was proud: app. formed by transposition [of the second and third radical letters, the ى being changed into ا,] from بَأَى. (Fr, T.)

He lodged him in an abode; (Fr, T, M, K;) as also بوّاهُ فِى مَنْزِلٍ, (M, K,) and مَنْزِلًا ↓ ابآءهُ: (T, * M, K:) or, as also بوّأ لَهُ مَنْزِلًا, (the latter mentioned by Fr, T,) he prepared for him an abode, (S, Mgh,) and assigned, or gave, him a place therein: (S:) and بَوَّأْتُهُ دارًا and بوّاتُ لَهُ دارًا I lodged him in a house: (Msb:) and بَوَّأْتُكَ بَيْتًا I took for thee a house: and ↓ تَبَوَّآ لِقَوْمِكُمَا بِمِصْرَ بُيُوتًا [in the Kur x. 87] means take ye two, for your people, in Egypt, houses: (Akh, T:) or ↓ تَبَوُّوأٌ [or تَبَوُّوأُ مَكَانٍ] signifies a man's putting a mark upon a place, when it pleases him, that he may abide there: (El-'Itreefee, T:) or ↓ تبوّأهُ he put it [a place] into a right, or proper, state; and prepared it: (Sh, * T:) or بَيْتًا ↓ تبوّأ he took a house as a place of abode, or as a dwelling: (Msb:) or مَنْزِلًا ↓ تبوّأ he looked for the best place that could be seen, and the most level, or even, and the best adapted by its firmness, for his passing the night there, and took it as a place of abode; (Fr, T;) or he took for himself a place of abode; (T, Mgh;) or he alighted and sojourned in a place of abode: and ↓ استبآءهُ he took it as a مَبَآءَة [or place of abode]: (S:) and بوّأ المَكَانَ and بِهِ ↓ ابآء (K) and ↓ تبوّأ [i. e. تبوّأ بِهِ] (Sh, T, K) he alighted in the place, and stayed, or dwelt, in it: (Sh, T, K:) or به ↓ ابآء he stayed, or dwelt, in it, i. e., a place: (Akh, T:) and المَكَانَ ↓ تبوّأ he alighted and abode in the place: (M:) [whence, in the Kur lix. 9,] ٱلدَّارَوَ ٱلْإِيمَانَ ↓ وَٱلَّذِينَ تَبَوَّوأُوا [and they who have made their abode in the City of the Prophet and in the faith]; the faith being likened to a place of abode; or the meaning may be مَكَانَ الإِيمَانِ [the place of the faith]. (M.)

(AZ, M) and منزلًا ↓ أَبَآءَهُمْ (AZ, TA) also signify He alighted and abode with them by the face, or front, of a mountain, where it rose from its base, (AZ, M, TA,) or next to a river, or brook. (AZ, TA.) -A2- [Hence, (see بَآءَةِ,)] بوّأ (inf. n. تَبْوِيْءٌ, K) (assumed tropical:) Inivit [feminam]: and he married [a woman]; took [her] in marriage: syn.

: (M, K:) and also تَزَّوَجَ. (TA. [There mentioned as a distinct signification.]) The verb is trans. in these two senses. (TK.) -A2- بوّأ الرُمْحَ نَحْوَهُ He directed the spear towards him; (T, S;) and (T) confronted him with it; (T, M, K;) and prepared it, or made it ready [to thrust it towards him]. (TA.)

: see بَآءَ فُلَانٌ بِفُلَانٍ.

: see بُوأْتُ بِهِ إِلَيْهِ, near the beginning of this art. ― -b2- ابآء الإِبِلَ, (T, S, O, L, and so in some copies of the K, in other copies of which we find ابآء بِالْإِبِلِ,) inf. n. إِبَآءَةٌ, (T,) He brought back the camels to the مَبَآءَة (T, S, O, L) or مَعْطِن, (K,) both of which signify the place where they are made to lie down, at the watering-place. (L.) And ابآء الإِبِلَ, (T, M,) inf. n. as above, (T,) He made the camels to lie down [in the مَبَآءَة], one beside another. (T, M.) And ابآء عَلَيْهِ مَالَهُ He drove back, or brought back, to their nightly resting-place, for him, his cattle, (S, M, TA,) i. e., his camels, or his sheep or goats. (S, TA.) And [hence,] أَبَآءَ ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِمْ نَعَمًا لَا يَسَعُهَا المُرَاحُ [God bestowed upon them cattle (i. e. camels &c.) which the nightly resting-place thereof would not contain]. (TA.) ― -b3- See also 2, in four places. ― -b4- ابآء الأَدِيمَ He put the skin, or hide, into the tanning liquid. (K.) In the O, the action is ascribed to a woman. (TA.) -A2- ابآء مِنْهُ He fled from him. (M, K.) ― -b2- فَلَاةٌ تُبِىْءُ فِى فَلَاْةٍ A desert that extends (lit. goes away) into a desert, (T, S, K,) by reason of its amplitude. (TA.) -A3- أَبَأْتُهُ I made him to acknowledge, or confess. (M.) [It seems to be indicated in the M that one says, أَبَأْتُهُ بِدَمِ فُلَانٍ, meaning I made him to acknowledge, or confess, himself to be answerable, responsible, or accountable, for the blood of such a one.] -A4- See also 1, (towards the end of the paragraph,) in four places.

see 2, in eight places. ― -b2- الرَّجُلُ يَتَبَوَّأُ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ كَمَا يَتَبَوَّأُ مِنْ دَارِهِ The man possesses mastery, or authority, and power, over his wife, like as he possesses the same over his house; syn. يَسْتَمْكِنُ مِنْهَا. (S, Mgh, Msb.) ― -b3- See also 10.

They two (namely, two slain men, M) became equal [by being slain, one in retaliation for the other]. (M, K.) It is said in a trad., أَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَتَبَاوَوأُوا; incorrectly related as being يَتَبآءَوْا; (S, Mgh;) meaning He (the Prophet) ordered them that they should be equal in retaliation, in their fighting: (Mgh:) the occasion of the order was this: there was a conflict between two tribes of the Arabs, and one of the two tribes had superior power over the other, so they said, “ We will not be content unless we slay, for the slave of our party, the free of their party; and for the woman, the man: ” A'Obeyd holds the former reading to be the right. (T.)

: see 2. ― -b2- In the following verse of Zuheyr Ibn-Abee-Sulmà, " وَلَمْ أَرَجَارَ بَيْتٍ يُسْتَبَآءُ فَلَمْ أَرَ مَعْشَرًا أَسَرُوا هَدِيًّا " ISk says that the هَدِىّ is one who is entitled to respect, or honour, or protection; and that يستبآء is syn. with ↓ يُتَبَوَّأُ, meaning whose wife is taken as a wife [by another man]: but Aboo-'Amr EshSheybánee says that يستبآء is from البَوَآءُ, meaning “ retaliation: ” [and accord. to this interpretation, which is the more probable, the verse may be rendered, And I have not seen a company of men who have made captive one entitled to respect, or honour, or protection, nor have I seen one who has begged the protection of the people of a house, or of a tent, slain in retaliation:] for, he says, he came to them desiring to beg their protection, and they took him, and slew him in retaliation for one of themselves. (T.) See 1, near the end of the paragraph. ― -b3- اِسْتَبَأْتُ الحَكَمَ, and بِالْحَكَم, I asked the judge to retaliate upon a slayer; to slay the slayer for the slain. (M.)

: see بَآءَةٌ. -A2- A libidinous man. (TA in باب الالف الليّنة.) -A3- The name of the letter ب, q. v.; as also بَا: pl. of the former بَآءَاتٌ; and of the latter أَبْوَآءٌ. (TA ubi suprà.) The dim. is بُيَيَّةٌ, meaning A little ب: and a ب faintly pronounced: [and app. بُوَيَّةٌ also, as the medial radical is generally held to be و:] and in like manner is formed the dim. of every similar name of a letter. (Lth, on the letter حَآء, in TA, باب الالف اللينّة.)

: see مَبَآءَةٌ, in three places. -A2- Also, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ بَآءٌ, (IAar, T, S, M, K,) and بَاهَةٌ, with the ء changed into ه, (TA,) and بَاهٌ, (IAar, T, Msb,) with ا and ه, but IKt asserts this last to be a mistranscription, (Msb, TA,) [though it is of very frequent occurrence,] and IAmb says that بَآءَةٌ is sing., or n. un., of بَآءٌ, and بَآءٌ [or بَآءَةٌ] has for pl. بَآءَاتٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) Coïtus conjugalis: and marriage: syn. جِمَاعٌ (T, Msb) and نِكَاحٌ (As, Fr, T, S, M, Mgh, K) and تَزْوِيجٌ: (T:) from بَآءَةٌ signifying a place of abode; [see مَبَآءَةٌ;] (T, S, * Mgh, Msb;) because it is generally in a place of abode; (Mgh, Msb;) or because the man possesses mastery, or authority, and power, over his wife, like as he possesses the same over his house: (S, Mgh, Msb: see 5:) بَآءَةٌ is applied [also] to the marriage-contract; because he who takes a woman in marriage lodges her in a place of abode. (T.) [See also بَاهٌ, in art. بوه.] It is said in a trad., مَنِ ٱسْتَطَاعَ مِنْكُمُ البَآءَ ةَ فَلْيَتَزَّوجْ He who is able, of you, to marry, let him marry: (T:) or a prefixed noun is here suppressed; the meaning being, he who finds [or is able to procure] the provisions (مُوأَن) of marriage, let him marry. (Msb, TA.) And one says, فُلَانٌ حَرِيصٌ عَلَى البَآءَةِ Such a one is vehemently desirous of marriage. (As, T.)