avant-garde

, aor. , inf. n. قَدْمٌ (S, * Msb, K) and قُدُومٌ; (K;) and ↓ تَقَدَّمَهُمْ; (S, * Msb, K;) and ↓ قَدَّمَهُمْ; and ↓ اِسْتَقْدَمَهُمْ; (K:) He became before the people: (TA:) syn. سَبَقَهُمْ; (Msb;) he preceded them; went before them; took precedence of them; headed them; led them, so as to serve as an example, or object of imitation. ― -b2- See أَمَّهُمْ. ― -b3- قَدِمَ البَلَدَ, aor. , inf. n. قُدُومٌ and مَقْدَمٌ, [He came to, or arrived at, the town, &c.] (Msb.) أَخْذَنِى مَا قَدُمَ وَماَ حَدُثَ: see art. حدث. ― -b4- قَدِمَ عَلَى الأَمْرِ i. q. عَلَيْهِ ↓ أَقْدَمَ [He advanced boldly to undertake the affair]. (TA.) See an ex. in a verse voce مُضَافٌ. ― -b5- See 6.

He brought Zeyd near, or caused him to draw near, or to approach, to the wall. (Msb.) ― -b2- قَدَّمَهُ He put it forward; offered it; proffered it. ― -b3- He brought, and brought forward, him or it. ― -b4- قَدَّمَ لَهُ طَعَامًا He proffered, offered, or presented to him, food. ― -b5- قَدَّمَ He did good or evil previously, or beforehand: (Bd, and Jel in xxxvi. 11; &c.:) he laid up in store. (Bd in xii. 48.) See زَلَّفَهُ. ― -b6- قَدَّمَ He made foremost; put, brought, or sent, forward; he advanced him or it: he promoted him. ― -b7- قَدَّمَهُ عَلَى غَيَرِهِ, inf. n. تَقْدِيمٌ, He made him, or it, to be before, or have precedence of, another, in time: and in place; i. e. he placed, or put, him, or it, before another; or made him, or it, to precede another: and in rank, or dignity; i. e. he preferred him, or it, before another; or honoured, or esteemed, him, or it, above another. (Kull, p. 104.) ― -b8- قَدَّمَهُ لِكَذَا He prepared it, or provided it beforehand, for such a thing. See Kur, xii. 48. ― -b9- قَدَّمَ عِنْدَ ٱللّٰهِ خَيْرًا He prepared, or provided in store, for himself, good, [i. e. a reward,] with God. (A and Mgh in art. حسب.) ― -b10- قدّم لَهُ الثَّمَنَ He paid him in advance, or beforehand, the price. ― -b11- قَدَّمَ أَنْ پَفْعَلَ كَذَا He preferred doing such a thing; syn. آثَرَ, i. e. فَضَّلَ. (M in art. أَثر.) [Hence, قَدَّمَ العَجْزَ فِىالشَّىْءِ He preferred backwardness with respect to the thing.] (See فَرَّطَ and فُرُطٌ: and see Kull, p. 279.) ― -b12- قَدَّمَ syn. with تَقَدَّمَ, q. v.: like as أَخَّرَ is with تَأَخَّرَ: so in the Kur, xli. 1. (TA, art, أخر.) ― -b13- قَدَّمَ [is trans. and intrans.: for its significations as an intrans. v., see its syn. تقدّم, and see 1:] as a trans. v. it is contr. of أَخَّرَ. (Msb, art. أخر.) ― -b14- قَدَّمَ is syn. with بَدَأَ بِهِ. (Mgh and Msb in art. بدأ.) ― -b15- قَدَّمَ إِلَيْهِ فِى كَذَا: see تَقَدَّمَ. ― -b16- See تَأَذَّنَ voce آذَنَ. ― -b17- قَدَّمَ أَوْلَادًا and قَدَّمَتْهُمْ: see أَفْرَطَ. ― -b18- قَدَّمَهُ and ↓ أَقْدَمَهُ He urged him forward. (Mo'allakát, 157.) ― -b19- قَدَّمَ has تَقْدِمَةٌ for an inf. n.

He was bold, or audacious. ― -b2- أَقْدَمَ عَلَى الأَمْرِ He ventured upon, or addressed himself to, the thing boldly, courageously, or daringly; (S, K;) he attempted it. ― -b3- أَقْدَمَ على قِرْنِهِ He behaved boldly, courageously, or daringly, against his adversary; (Msb;) he attached him. ― -b4- See 1. ― -b5- أَقْدِمْ, (improperly إِقْدِمْ,) said to a horse, Advance boldly! (S.) So rendered voce أَهَابَ, and هَبْ.

He was, or became, or went, before, or ahead; preceded; had, or took, precedence; contr. of تَأَخَّرَ, q. v. See 1. ― -b2- تَقَدَّمَ إِلَى الحَايأِطِ He drew near, or approached, to the wall. (Msb.) ― -b3- تَقَدَّمَ He advanced; went forward, or onward. (L, art. قود.) ― -b4- تَقَدَّمَ عَلَى الحَقِّ: see Bd, xviii. 27. ― -b5- تَقَدَّمَ He became advanced, or promoted. ― -b6- تَقَدَّمَ مِنْهُ كَلاَمٌ: see فَرَطَ: but the primary meaning is, Speech proceeded from him previously. ― -b7- تَقَدَّمَ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ quasi-pass. of قَدَّمَهُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ; He, or it, was, or became, before, or had precedence of, another, in time: and in place; i. e. he, or it, was, or became, before another; preceded another; went before another: and in rank, or dignity; i. e. he, or it, was, or became, preferred before another; or honoured, or esteemed, above another: in all these senses like تَقَدَّمَ غَيْرَهُ. See بَكَّرَ. ― -b8- تَقَدَّمَ فِى أَمْرٍ [He was forward in an affair] قَبْلَ فِعْلِهِ [before doing it]. (A'Obeyd, T in art. رمى.) ― -b9- تَقَدَّمَ i. q. سَبَقَ; (K, art. سبق, &c.;) and contr. of تَأَخَّرَ. (TA, art. أخر.) ― -b10- تَقَدَّمَ إِلَيْهِ فِى كَذَا, (K,) or بِكَذَا, (Msb,) or both, (Mgh,) He commanded, ordered, bade, charged, or enjoined, him respecting, or to do, such a thing; (Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ قَدَّمَ, inf. n. تَقْدِيمٌ. (Msb.)

is best rendered It became old: and ↓ قَدُمَ it was old.

He did as he did, following his example; or taking him as an example, an exemplar, a pattern, or an object of imitation. (Msb.) He followed his example, imitated him; &c.

He went before. ― -b2- اِسْتَقْدَمَتْ رِحَالَتُكَ: see art. رحل.

The human foot, from the ankle downwards. (Mgh.) ― -b2- لَهُ قَدَمٌ رَاسِخَةٌ فِى العِلْمِ: see art. رسخ. ― -b3- عَلَى قَدَمٍ عَظِيمٍ On an excellent foundation. ― -b4- فُلَانٌ عَلَى قَدَمِ فُلَانٍ Such a one is successor of such a one.

Oldness; antiquity. ― -b2- Existence, or duration, or time, without beginning; like أَزَلٌ (Kull, p. 31; &c.) See أَزَلٌ. ― -b3- عَلَى وَجْهِ الدَّهْرِ: قِدَمُ الدَّهْرِ means properly the olden time; antiquity. ― -b4- علَىَ قِدَمِ الدَّهْرِ [In, or from, old, or ancient, time; of old]. (S, M, K, art. أس; in the first and last of which it is coupled with the like phrase.)

[In front]. (K, voce ظُنْبُوبٌ.) ― -b2- قُدُمٌ: see أُخُرٌ.

as applied to a part of a camel's saddle is an improper word: the proper term is وَاسِطٌ.

An adz; [so in the present day, but pronounced قَدُّوم;] a certain implement of the carpenter; (S, Mgh, Msb;) a فَأْس with which one hews, or forms or fashions by cutting. (S.)